A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a gas-discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor. The excited mercury atoms produce short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical power into useful light more efficiently than an incandescent lamp.

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The principle of INDUCTION was introduced to the world by the scientist Nicola TESLA in the 1800’s. TESLA once lit 200 lamps without wires from 25 miles away.

Induction lights are similar to fluorescent lights in that they use gasses, which once “excited”, react with the phosphor that coats the tubes to produce white light. Fluorescent lamps use electrodes to ‘excite’ the gasses inside of the tube. These electrodes degrade with time, eventually causing the light to fail. Unlike fluorescent lamps, Induction Lamps do not use electrodes but instead uses the principle of INDUCTION (the transmission of energy by way of magnetic field). Think of it as wireless lighting.

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The incandescent light bulb makes light by heating a metal filament wire to a high temperature until it glows. The hot filament is protected from air by a glass bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated.
Incandescent bulbs are produced in a wide range of sizes, light output, and voltage ratings, from 1.5 volts to about 300 volts.  They require no external regulating equipment, have low manufacturing costs, and work equally well on either alternating current or direct current.

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A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen lamp, is an incandescent lamp with a tungsten filament contained within an inert gas and a small amount of a halogen such as iodine or bromine. The combination of the halogen gas and the tungsten filament produces a chemical reaction known as a halogen cycle (see below) which increases the lifetime of the filament and prevents darkening of the bulb by re-depositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament. Because of this, a halogen lamp can be operated at a higher temperature than a standard gas-filled lamp of similar power and operating life.

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High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps have a much higher luminous efficacy than fluorescent and incandescent lamps since a greater proportion of their radiation is visible light as opposed to heat.

HID is a type of electrical lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates the arc's initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metal salts forming a plasma, which greatly increases the intensity of light.

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A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.  Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light.  Today LEDs are able to produce a large amount of VERY focused light. 

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